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Content | WWW.SKYWORKSINC.COM 17 Figure 18. Hybrid Coupler Attenuator Attenuation vs. Diode Series Resistance (Z0 = 50 ᠀)Figure 17. Hybrid Coupler Variable Attenuator -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 1.00E+001.00E+011.00E+021.00E+031.00E+04 Series Resistance (Ohms) Attenuation (dB) Hybrid Coupler Attenuator A very common form of variable attenuator is comprised of a hybrid coupler, with two of its ports terminated with PIN diodes, as shown in Figure 17. RF In/OutRF In/Out Control Current Input Control Current Input PIN Diodes Maximum attenuation is achieved when the resistance of each of the PIN diodes exactly equals the impedance looking into the hybrid coupler ports which they terminate. This relationship is shown in Figure 18. There are more PIN diode attenuator topologies which can be utilized. Please refer to the “Design with PIN Diodes” applicaton note on Skyworks’ Web site for more information. PIN diodes with thicker I layers typically produce less distortion than diodes with thinner I layers, so thicker diodes are typically more suitable for use in variable attenuator circuits. This comes at the expense of requiring larger bias currents to achieve a given resistance value. Table 6 shows Skyworks’ attenuator diodes. Nominal Input 3rd Order Intercept (dBm)1 Nominal I Layer Thickness (µm) Nominal Largest Series Resistance (k᠀) Minimum Series Resistance (᠀) Maximum Capacitance (pF) Nominal Carrier Lifetime (ns) Part Number >50 1753.03.0 @ 100 mA0.3 @ 30 V1500SMP1307-xxxLF >43 1002.52.0 @ 100 mA0.3 @ 30 V1000SMP1304-xxxLF >38501.81.5 @ 100 mA0.3 @ 30 V700SMP1302-xxxLF >38501.81.5 @ 100 mA0.2 @ 50 V700APD2220-000 1. Input third order intercept (IIP3) is dependent on several factors, including signal frequency, bias condition and attenuator topology. Values shown here refer to hybrid coupler attenuator toplogy, signal frequency equal to the center frequency of the hybrid coupler, with bias adjusted to produce minimum attenuation. IIP3 typically degrades by approximately 6 dB when attenaution is adjusted to maximum. Table 6. Attenuator Diodes Learn More Application Note Design with PIN Diodes, document number 200312 PIN Diode Products for Attenuator Circuits |
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